Childhood obesity, once primarily seen in wealthier nations, is emerging as a significant public health concern in Uganda. With an increasing number of children being classified as overweight or obese, experts warn of long-term health risks and mounting pressure on households and the national healthcare system.
According to the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) 2022, over 5% of children under five are now overweight, up from less than 2% in the early 2000s. Among school-aged children and adolescents, a joint study by the Ministry of Health and UNICEF found that nearly one in ten children between ages 6 and 18 is overweight or obese, particularly in urban areas such as Kampala, Wakiso, and Mbarara.
Shifting Lifestyles and Diets
Nutritionists attribute this surge to changing lifestyles and dietary habits. Processed foods high in sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats have become increasingly common, while physical activity has declined.
“Urbanisation has created an environment where fast food is more accessible than traditional meals, while children spend more time on screens than outdoors,” said Dr. Miriam Nakyewa, a paediatric nutrition specialist at Mulago Hospital.
For parents, the challenges vary by income. Many low-income families rely on affordable but unhealthy foods such as chapatti, while middle-class children often prefer processed snacks and sugary drinks over traditional meals. The rapid expansion of fast-food chains like KFC and Pizza Hut has further fuelled this trend, particularly among middle-income households.
Health and Social Consequences
The consequences are already visible. Studies indicate that obese children are three times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes and face higher risks of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases later in life. Childhood obesity is also linked to poor mental health and reduced academic performance.
The World Health Organization (WHO) warns that if this trend continues, Uganda’s healthcare system could face significant strain in the coming decades. Financially, families are increasingly burdened by higher medical expenses to treat obesity-related conditions, adding pressure on already stretched household incomes.
Government and Community Efforts
Government interventions, though still in early stages, are underway through the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education and Sports. Initiatives include school feeding guidelines and national campaigns discouraging excessive consumption of junk food.
Health experts stress that parents and schools remain the first line of defence. Practical recommendations include encouraging active play, reducing screen time, and reviving traditional diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and local staples.
“Parents need to get involved in their children’s health beyond treating ordinary illnesses. They should provide healthy foods that are readily available in Uganda. Fruits and vegetables can be found cheaply across the country,” Dr. Nakyewa said.
She added, “Parents and schools also need to involve children in physical activities, exercises, and limit screen time.”
Despite these efforts, many parents still struggle to balance convenience, affordability, and children’s food preferences against the urgent need for healthier lifestyles—a challenge that reflects the complex realities of modern Uganda.
